Provide and maintain appropriate storage,
transfer, containment, and disposal facilities for liquid material,
such as oil, harmful solvents, antifreeze, and paints, and encourage
recycling of these materials.
This management measure is intended to be applied by
States to marinas where liquid materials used in the maintenance,
repair, or operation of boats are stored. Under the Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendments of 1990, States are subject to a number of
requirements as they develop coastal nonpoint source programs in
conformity with this measure and will have some flexibility in doing
so. The application of management measures by States is described more
fully in Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program
Development and Approval Guidance, published jointly by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
2. Description
This management measure minimizes entry of potentially harmful liquid
materials into marina and surface waters through proper storage and
disposal. Marina operators are responsible for the proper storage of
liquid materials for sale and for final disposal of liquid wastes,
such as waste fuel, used oil, spent solvents, and spent antifreeze.
Marina operators should decide how liquid waste material is to be
placed in the appropriate containers and disposed of and should inform
their patrons.
This measure was selected because marinas have shown
the ability to prevent entry of liquid waste into marina and surface
waters. Marinas generate a variety of liquid waste through the
activities that occur on marina property and at their piers. If
adequate disposal facilities are not available, there is a potential
for disposal of liquid waste in surface waters or on shore areas where
the material can wash into surface waters. Marina patrons and
employees are more likely to properly dispose of liquid waste if given
adequate opportunity and disposal facilities. The practices on which
the measure is based are available. Many coastal States already have
mandatory or voluntary programs that satisfy this management measure
(Appendix 5A).
As discussed more fully at the beginning of this
chapter and in Chapter 1, the following practices
are described for illustrative purposes only. State programs need not
require implementation of these practices. However, as a practical
matter, EPA anticipates that the management measure set forth above
generally will be implemented by applying one or more management
practices appropriate to the source, location, and climate. The
practices set forth below have been found by EPA to be representative
of the types of practices that can be applied successfully to achieve
the management measure described above.
a. Build curbs, berms, or other barriers around
areas used for the storage of liquid material to contain spills. Store
materials in areas impervious to the type of material stored
.
To contain spills, curbs or berms should be
installed around areas where liquid material is stored. The berms or
curbs should be capable of containing 10 percent of the liquid
material stored or 110 percent of the largest container, whichever is
greater (WADOE, 1991). There should not be drains in the floor.
Implementation of this practice will prevent spilled material from
directly entering surface waters. The cost of 6-inch cement curbs
placed around a cement pad is $10 to $14 per linear foot (Means,
1990). The cost of a temporary spill dike capable of absorbing 50
liters of material (5 inches in diameter and 30 feet long) is
approximately $110 (Lab Safety, 1991).
b. Separate containers for the disposal of waste
oil; waste gasoline; used antifreeze; and waste diesel, kerosene, and
mineral spirits should be available and clearly labeled
.
Waste oil includes waste engine oil, transmission
fluid, hydraulic fluid, and gear oil. A filter should be drained
before disposal by placing the filter in a funnel over the appropriate
waste collection container. The containers should be stored on an
impermeable surface and covered in a manner that will prevent
rainwater from entering the containers. Containers should be clearly
marked to prevent mixing of the materials with other liquids and to
assist in their identification and proper disposal. Waste should be
removed from the marina site by someone permitted to handle such
waste, and receipts should be retained for inspection.
Care should be taken to avoid combining different
types of antifreeze. Standard antifreeze (ethylene glycol, usually
identifiable by its blue or greenish color) should be recycled. If
recycling is not available, propylene-glycol-based anti-freeze should
be used because it is less toxic when introduced to the environment.
Propylene glycol is often a pinkish hue (Gannon, 1990). Many States,
including Maryland, Washington, and Oregon, have developed programs to
encourage the proper disposal of used antifreeze.
Fifty-five-gallon closed-head polyethylene or steel
drums approved for shipping hazardous and nonhazardous materials are
available commercially at a cost of approximately $50 each. Open-head
steel drums (approximately $60 each) with self-closing steel drum
covers (approximately $90 each) may also be used (Lab Safety, 1991). A
package of five labels that may be affixed to drums (10 inches by 10
inches) costs approximately $10.
c. Direct marina patrons as to the proper disposal
of all liquid materials through the use of signs, mailings, and other
means
.
If individuals within a marina collect, contain, and
dispose of their own liquid waste, signs and education programs (see
Public Education Management Measure)
should direct them to proper recycling and disposal options.
